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Models
Coupled, non-linear holistic earth system models are needed to describe subglacial systems over multiple temporal and spatial scales. Models are also important for predicting future and deciphering past change. Models will be essential during the design stage of field activities to optimize the use of resources and to ensure recovery of the most useful observations and samples. Different types of models will be needed for a wide variety of applications. Models capable of simulating the physical environment, such as models of lake water circulation, ice sheet models that include interactions with subglacial water bodies, models of subglacial hydrology, sediment deformation, and couplings among systems will need to be refined and improved. All relevant processes must be included in large scale models of the Antarctic ice sheet to determine the influence of subglacial lakes on ice sheet stability and behavior. Large scale models will need to embed process simulation models that simulate a range of time scales. Regional and local models will be coupled with Global Climate and other models.
Enabling Technologies, Remote Observations, ...... , Entry Technologies, In Situ Observations, and Sediment Cores